Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601Standard Rate for Some Basic Stances in Karate178447610.21608/jass.2015.84476ENAmr Mohamed GaafarFaculty of Physical Education, Sadat City University, Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The most fundamental postures in karate are (Zenkutsu Dachi and Kokutsu Dachi and Kiba Dachi) but karate references are almost devoid of the basis of a clear and unified model for these postures in line with all the players with their various physical variables, and all the trainers during their teaching these postures to novices they teach it depending on their background and the general specifications of the posture and that may take long time in teaching as well as player errors and the time spent in correction</em><em>.</em>
<em>researcher found that these three postures involved in having a horizontal and vertical specific distance varies according to each postures and that determines its features and specifications, hence, appeared the idea of determining the vertical and horizontal distance for a specific posture of world champion and with knowledge of player height we can divide the player height on both vertical and horizontal distance which gives us two ratios that being considered as a sincere standard for a posture.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601The Impact of a Training Program for Development Strength Endurance with Taking L-Arginine on Body Composition and 5000m Running Records8178447710.21608/jass.2015.84477ENRadwa Soliman ElsharkawyFaculty of Physical Education, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, EgyptMaysa Mohamed RabiaFaculty of Physical Education, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of Strength Endurance exercises program and taking L- Arginine on body composition and (5000) m running records. To achieve the purpose of the study, eighteen apparently healthy players from the infantry in Armed Forces selected as subjects who are playing (5000) m running. They were randomly divided into two groups of (9) subjects of each group. Group one acted as an experimental group who underwent strength endurance exercises with L- Arginine intake, and group two acted as a control group who underwent strength endurance exercises with placebo capsules for eight weeks for both groups two times a week. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variables such as strength endurance tests, body composition evaluation, and records of (5000) m running, that’s immediately before and after the training period. After souring of the equivalent of the two groups, the suggested program had achieved. The result of the present study had revealed that there were a significant difference found among the experimental and control group in muscle mass (MM), the rate of water (RW), the rate of fat (RF), the rate of burn (RB), legs strength endurance (LSE), arms strength endurance (ASE), core strength endurance (CSE), and the records of (5000) m running for the experimental group compared with the control group. Whereas there was no significant difference in back strength endurance (BSE). The researchers recommended with Supplying of L- Arginine with Strength Endurance exercises for players of long-distance to increase the ability to performance which is affect the record levels</em><em>.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601Effect of Training Program with Restricted Venous Blood Flow "KAATSU" Training on Skeletal Muscle (Mass and Size), Strength, Prostaglandins (PGE2) and 400m Sprinting Records18248447810.21608/jass.2015.84478ENRadwa Soliman ElsharkawyFaculty of Physical Education, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, EgyptMaysa Mohamed RabiaFaculty of Physical Education, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>Many studies have shown that intensity resistance training with restricted muscular venous blood flow (KAATSU) causes muscle hypertrophy and strength gain. There are very rare studies were performed on swimmers. Exercise leads to increased circulating prostaglandins, affecting cardio-vascular system, increasing blood flow to all muscles to provide oxygen needed for physical activities. Prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) is the main prostaglandin for raised blood flow, exerts muscles building and provides oxygen needed for activities. Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of training combined with band restricted blood flow on skeletal muscle (mass and size), strength, Prostaglandins (PGE2) and 400 M sprint records. Material and methods Thirteen healthy athletes performed band blood restriction training with external weight at each hand and each leg, and other ten control healthy athletes performed training with external weight alone. Training was conducted once, 3 days/wk, for 10 wk at (65% - 85%) from the maximum intensity of pulse using polar watch. Plasma PG-E2 and physical parameters were recorded before and after effort before and after program, and compared to each others. Also, Muscle volume and sprinting times were assessed. Results revealed significant differences between control group and experimental group in post exercise plasma PG-E2, and muscle volume. There were significant variations in the sprinting times by (3.48%) after program for the KAATSU group but no difference in (BS). It is concluded that band restricted blood flow causes muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy</em><em>. </em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601Evaluating the Muscle Balance Ratios by Using Isokinetic Dynamometer (Biodex3) According to the Athletic Achievement Level for the Karate "Kumite" Players as a Determinative Factor for the Training Programs25338447910.21608/jass.2015.84479ENNagla Amin EltanahiFaculty of Physical Education for Girls, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptAhmed Farouk El-ShafeyFaculty of Physical Education, Benha University, Benha, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The research aims to evaluate the Muscle Balance Ratios by using Isokinetic Dynamometer (Biodex3) according to the athletic achievement level for the Karate “Kumite” players as a determinative factor for the training programs. Twenty-four Kumite players were included in the main sample which participating in the Republic Open Championship for juniors and youth, by selecting (3) players obtained in the first, second, and third position in the following weights (61 Kg, 68 Kg, 76 Kg, and above 76 Kg).Also, twelve players who had not achieved any position in the championship were selected from the same weights. The most important results were: There are statistical significant variances between the players obtaining positions, and the players not obtaining positions in the same weight in favor of the players who obtained position in some variables of the Muscles' Balance in the knee joint; including Peak Torque of Flexion, Acceleration Time of Flexion, Peak Torque of Extension, and Deceleration Time of Extension. Also in some variables of the Muscles' Balance in the trunk joint, including Agonist/Antagonist Ratios, Peak Torque of Flexion, Acceleration Time of Flexion, and Peak Torque of Extension and Also in some variables of the Muscles' Balance in the elbow joint, including Agonist/Antagonist Ratios, Acceleration Time of Flexion, Deceleration Time of Flexion, Peak Torque of Extension, and Deceleration Time of Extension in favor of the players who obtained position. There are not statistical significant variances between the players obtaining positions and the players not obtaining positions in the same weight in some variables of the Muscles' Balance in the knee joint, including Agonist/Antagonist Ratios, Deceleration Time of Flexion, and Acceleration Time of Extension, Also in some variables of the Muscles' Balance in the trunk joint, including Deceleration Time of Flexion, Acceleration Time of Extension, and Deceleration Time of Extension And also in some variables of the Muscles' Balance in the elbow joint, including Agonist/Antagonist Ratios, Acceleration Time of Flexion, Deceleration Time of Flexion, Peak Torque of Extension, and Deceleration Time of Extension in favor of the players who obtained position , There is a direct relationship between the Muscles' Balance Rations and the Athletic Achievement Level, which can be considered as a determinative factor for the training programs for “Kumite” Players</em><em>.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601Design 3D Educational Animation Software on the Basis of Some Biomechanical Parameters for Learning Some Basic Skills in Boxing34558448010.21608/jass.2015.84480ENAhmed Hassan RakhaFaculty of Physical Education, Port Said University, Port Said, EgyptHani Abdel Aziz SalehFaculty of Physical Education, Port Said University, Port Said, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The research aims to design a 3D Educational Animation Software on the basis of anthropometric and three-dimensional Biomechanics parameters for learning some basic skills in Boxing. One amateur boxer, practice boxing at the local level, international and Registered in Egyptian amateur boxing association as a model of 3D Educational Animation movies. He performed the straight left and right punch to the head and trunk (6) times. The researchers extracted the average of biomechanical variables, and that means the simple of the research was (6) attempts for each punch (Straight left punch to the head, Straight left punch to the trunk, Straight right punch to the head, Straight right punch to the trunk</em><em>.</em>
<em>The researchers used Simi Motion 13 for Biomechanics analysis some of Basic skills to the head in three axes (horizontal x, vertical y, sagittal z) and (Absolute resulting R) to get biomechanical variables in three phases (Windup - Critical Instant - Follow Through). Within the limits of the research objectives, the research questions and the results the researchers concluded the Tables of specifications that will be used in the design of a 3D Educational Animation Movies and Four Basic Phases to product a 3D Educational Animation Software for learning the basic skills in boxing as follows (Design & Preparation - Biomechanics analysis - Scenario Building – Execution</em><em>.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601A Proposal Imagine for the Knowledge Management in the Colleges and Institutes of the Zagazig University56758448110.21608/jass.2015.84481ENAyman Abdel-Hamid El-ShaerFaculty of Physical Education for Boys, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The current research aims at designing a recommended program to increase the functional efficiency of the frozen The importance of the current study in that it on the theme (KM), which is one of the trends of modern management in the Arab environment in particular, The subject was 394 from Staff members university (Dean, Vice Dean, chief scientific), Secretary of the College, Head of the Department manager, administrative directors the units of development (unit of quality management, unit innovative) and their employees, managers Special Units "colleges and institutes of the (ZU), volunteered to participate. The subject was informed about the experimental procedures and signed informed consent statement. Subject consisted of 364 members for the basic study (202 male, 162 female) and 30 members for the pilot study. Results: The organization depends on the beneficiaries as a source of knowledge required for their activities. The organization set themselves targets to help in spreading knowledge in the organization. The organization is working to update the knowledge related to its activities; the organization has methods actors to revise the available knowledge. Organization uses electronic newsletters of related knowledge dissemination to their activities. The organization depend on knowledge generate on the internal expertise as a result of experience</em><em>.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601A Proposed Constructive Model and Its Impact on Triple Jump Race Learning among Faculty of Physical Education Female Students at the University of Sadat City76818448210.21608/jass.2015.84482ENEman Ibrahim El-SisiFaculty of Physical Education, Sadat City University, Sadat City, EgyptNoha Mahmoud El-SawafFaculty of Physical Education, Sadat City University, Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The current study aimed to design a program based on the constructive model and investigate its effect and its effect on learning undergraduate female students the triple jump race. Participants of the study included 40 female students, who were enrolled in the second year at the faculty of physical Education, university of Sadat city. They were divided into an experimental group (N=20) and a control group (N=20). The quasi-experimental experimental – control group, pre-post design. The experimental group received constructive learning whereas the control group received traditional learning through the practical performance model. The findings revealed that there are statistically significant differences between the mean of post evaluations of both groups on some physical variables and the skilful and numerical levels in favor of the experimental group's post-evaluation</em><em>.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601The Effect of Specific Endurance Exercise on Some Physical Variables and Functional Indicators during Wrestlers' Anaerobic Change Threshold82928448310.21608/jass.2015.84483ENSamir Abdel-Nabi IssaFaculty of Physical Education for Boys, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptWaleed Moustafa NasraFaculty of Physical Education for Boys, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>This research aims to identify specific endurance exercise on some physical variables and functional indicators during wrestlers’ anaerobic threshold, Main study conducted using experimental approach on a random sample of (20) wrestlers from wrestling team at Faculty of Physical Education for Men, Alexandria University, experiment conducted for (10) weeks, (30) training unit, (3) units weekly.</em>
<strong><em>The most important results</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong>
<em>1- </em><em>Post-measurements for all physical variables (under study) were better than pre-measurements during wrestlers’ anaerobic change threshold</em><em>. </em>
<em>2- </em><em>Post-measurements for all Functional indicators (under study) were better than pre-measurements during wrestlers’ anaerobic change threshold</em><em>.</em>
<strong><em>Through these results, researchers recommend the following</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong>
<em>1- </em><em>Using the proposed exercises program with specific endurance exercises in wrestling sport to improve physical and functional variables during wrestlers’ anaerobic change threshold, and in turn improve performance level and access highest performance levels</em><em>. </em>
<em>2- </em><em>Using the proposed exercises program with specific endurance exercises in sports generally, and specifically in individual combat sports to improve physical and functional variables during anaerobic change threshold, and in turn improve athletes’ performance level and access highest performance levels</em><em>.</em>
<em>This study results to be communicated to Egyptian Federation of Wrestling to be benefited with during preparation of Egyptian wrestling team.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601The Characteristics of Nutritional Habits of Junior Wrestlers in the National Teams Participating in African Nations Championship Qualifying for the 2014 Olympics in China931018448410.21608/jass.2015.84484ENEl-Sayed Soliman HammadFaculty of Physical Education for Boys, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptWaleed Moustafa NasraFaculty of Physical Education for Boys, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>Nutritional programs for athletes are not less important than the training programs. In a certain stage sounds nutritional programs maybe more important than the training programs, especially in some sports which require specific weights such as wrestling. Importance of nutritional programs is also obvious for athletes in camps and before, during and after competitions. It also helps contribute to overcome stresses and recover whether from overload or injuries. Nutritional habits and practices must therefore be introduced as an element of training program. Nutrition awareness of athletes affects the development of eating habits because they play an important role in determining their health condition. It also guides the planning process to feed athletes during the training season. It can be a scientific foundation complementing the training process in wrestling and organizing and guiding the training programs developed for wrestlers. Through this study, the researchers seek to identify the main determinants through which the food habits can be identified for junior wrestlers in National teams participating in the African Nations championship because they have an effective role to play in guiding the training process, and especially the food habits of wrestlers of the national teams winning the first three positions. The sample consisted of 54 wrestlers distributed as follows:29 wrestlers from national teams winning the first to third positions in the African Nations Championship of junior wrestlers qualifying for the China Olympics of 2014 and 25 wrestlers from national teams winning the fourth to the last positions. The main results showed excellence of players of the teams winning the top positions (the first three) in most food habits. Axes of food habits came in this order: habits related to supplementary foods, habits related to nutrition, sport injuries and training environment, habits related to nutrition for recovery after physical effort, habits related to the general concepts of nutrition, habits related to nutrients, habits related to balanced food and nutritional needs and habits related to planning meals. Recommendations included using the determinants of food habits found by this study as an important and useful factor in guiding the training process and upgrading the achievement level; Providing the scientific committee of the international and Egyptian Wrestling Federation with the results of this study for use and application; putting food education programmes in place for wrestlers and wrestling trainers.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601The Effect of the Program of Using the Technology Education to Learning Some Basic Skills in Basketball1021078448510.21608/jass.2015.84485ENTarek Mohamed Abdel RaoufFaculty of Physical Education, Sadat City University, Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The study aims to design an educational program by using Whats App program on mobile phones in order to learn some basic skills in basketball and to recognize the effect of the program on students learning basketball skills. The researcher used the experimental method by using two groups one of them is the experimental group (19students) and the other is the control group (19 students). They were chosen deliberately from basketball students of Physical Education department , the statistical results indicated that The experimental program using the mobile phone in learning affects positively the ability development to learn some basic skills in basketball in the experimental group and using learning through mobile phone in the athletic education had a greater effect in learning basketball skills studied in the research than the classic style</em><em>.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601Effect of Jigsaw Instructional Method on Pre-Service Teacher Teaching Proficiency Skills and Perceptions toward Working in Small-Groups1081158449610.21608/jass.2015.84496ENAhmed El-Basiony El-SaidFaculty of Physical Education for Boys, Helwan University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Jigsaw cooperative learning on students’ Teaching Proficiency Skills. In addition, this study also determined students’ perception toward working in small-groups concerning Jigsaw cooperative learning. The samples of this study consisted of 60 form third grade students at the faculty of physical education were divided in two groups (Experimental and Control) each consists of 30 students. In order to control the differences of dependent variables, a pre-test was given before treatment. After treatment, a post-test was administered to both groups. Two types of instruments were used to collect the data: the Teaching Proficiency Skills checklist to gather information on student’s performance in PE lesson skills, and what happened in the group’s questionnaire (WHGQ) to gather information on student’s perceptions of how group members worked in their small-group. The pre-test and the post-test data were analyzed using t-test for Teaching Proficiency Skills, A MANOVA was conducted on the student’s responses to the WHGQ to determine if there were differences in the students’ perceptions of how group members worked in their small-groups in the experimental and control groups. Findings of this study show that learners taught using Jigsaw cooperative learning strategy performed better than those taught using Conventional learning methods, and students in the jigsaw cooperative learning groups were more willing to work with others on the assigned tasks and they provided more elaborate help and assistance to each other than their peers in the control group. Furthermore, as the students in the cooperative learning group had more opportunities to work together, they developed a stronger perception of group cohesion and social responsibility for each other’s learning than their peers in the control group</em><em>.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601The Effect of Using Programmed Concept Mapping on Breast Stroke Learning of Physical Education Faculty's Students1161248449710.21608/jass.2015.84497ENMostafa Sami AmiraFaculty of Physical Education, Sadat City University, Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The Research Aims to design the programmed concept mapping displayed on the computer in order to recognize its effect on Learning Breast stroke to the 3rd year students of Physical Education Faculty in Sadat city and To build a knowledge test to the 3rd year students to measure the knowledge acquisition of Breast stroke , The researcher used the experimental method of two groups; an experimental and control groups as it suits the nature of the research , the sample contents of (22) students , The researcher applied the oral intelligence test which Gaber Abdel Hamid & Mahmoud Ahmed Omar (2007) [5] prepared and which proven its honesty and persistence to measure the description it was prepared for, and the statistical treatment was performed , the results ; The Programmed concept mapping positively affects the learning of Breast stroke and the knowledge acquisitions level of the experiment group’s students , The traditional technique (the oral explanation & the practical example performance) positively affects the learning of Breast stroke and the knowledge acquisitions level of the control group’s students , The programmed concept mapping was more effective and positive than the traditional technique on the learning of Breast stroke and knowledge acquisitions level which indicates its effectiveness , Knowledge test prepared by the researcher has high honesty and persistence interactions and is appropriate for measuring the knowledge acquisitions level of the 3rd year students of Breast stroke that included (technical analysis of Breast stroke – common mistakes – law</em><em>).</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601The Effect of Using 3D Animations on the Performance Level of Crawl Stroke of Students of Physical Education Faculty in Menoufia1251328449810.21608/jass.2015.84498ENMostafa Sami AmiraFaculty of Physical Education, Sadat City University, Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>This research aims to design a program to teach crawl stroke by using 3D animations and to recognize its effect on The performance level of crawl stroke of 1st year students of Physical Education Faculty in Menoufia , The differences between the two research experimental groups that use the 3D animations and the control group that uses the followed technique (explanation & example) in learning crawl stroke in students of Physical Education Faculty in Menoufia , The researcher used the experimental method as it suits the nature of this research, through the experimental design which depend on the after and before measurements of two groups one of them is experimental and the other is the control group , The research society is represented in the 1st year students of Physical Education Faculty of Menoufia University in the 1st term of the university year 2012/2013. Their number is (180) students , results ; The 3D animations program has a statistically significant positive effect on the performance level of crawl stroke , There are statistically shown differences between the two measurements (pre- post) of the control group in the performance level of crawl stroke in favor of the after measurement, There are statistically shown differences between the two experimental and control group in the after measurement of performance level of crawl stroke in favor of the experimental group , The experimental group which used the 3D animation program was superior on the control group in the performance level of abdomen crawl swimming.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601Effects of Specific Strength Training on Neck Range of Motion, Strength and Pain in Chronic Neck Pain Patients1331388449910.21608/jass.2015.84499ENIslam Amin Abdel-WakelFaculty of Physical Education for Boys, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20150401Thirty-three male subjectsparticipated in the study. They were divided into two groups; the experimental group consisted of 19 patients. The control group consisted of 13 patients. All participants were informed about the purpose and content of the study and they were given a form to fill in order to participate in this study. The collectives were matched by age, height and weight. The program included two phases with 4 and 8 weeks respectively, as suggested for untrained individuals. (McArdle W. et al., 1996.) (Borisut S. et al., 2013). Each phase included three sessions per week (approx. 45 - 60 min for each). The suggested program was conducted individually for all subjects.Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601A Program for Adventure Games to Decrease Violence among University Students1391478450010.21608/jass.2015.84500ENHala Mohamed Al-SabyFaculty of Physical Education, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptAhmed Mohamed ShawkeyFaculty of Physical Education, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The current research aims at decreasing violence among university students through an adventure games program. The researchers used the experimental approach (one-group design) with pre- and post-measurements. Research community included all freshmen students of faculty of physical education – Tanta University during the academic year 2013-2014 (n=200). The researchers chose (20) students purposefully (10%). Another (20) students were chosen form the same research community and outside the main sample to validate tests and measurements. The researchers used High IQ test, Socio-economic level log and Violence scale. The researchers concluded that the recommended program had positive effects on decreasing violence among university students</em><em>. </em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601The Effect of Using Active Learning on the Performance Level of the Long Jump Event in the Stepping-in-Air Method in Students of the Faculty of Physical Education, Alexandria1481538450110.21608/jass.2015.84501ENAbir Muawad AbdallahFaculty of Physical Education for Boys, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptMohamed Abdel Wahab MabroukFaculty of Physical Education for Boys, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The study aims to find out the effect of the use of active learning strategy of cooperative learning on the level of performance of the long jump event in a way to stepping - in - air method for the first year students at the Faculty of Physical Education, for Boys in Alexandria. The experimental method was used to design the pilot study of the two groups, one experimental and the other officer using pre- and post – measurements test for the two groups on a sample of (24) students of the first at the Faculty of Physical Education, for the academic year 2012/2013. The sample was divided into two groups, each group (12 students).The researchers found that the use of active the learning strategy of cooperative learning led to raising the level of performance of the students of the experimental group in the jump event stepping long way in the air and was more influential than traditional learning style (orders) for the control group in learning the long jump event in a way to step into the air.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601The Effect of Using Tae-bo Trainings on Specific Physical Variables, the Concentration of Inter-Leukin-6, Creatine-Phosphokinase Enzyme in Blood and the Effectiveness of Performance Skill in Kata for Karate Young Female Players1541698450210.21608/jass.2015.84502ENRania Mohammed GharibFaculty of Physical Education for Girls, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The paper aims to identify the effect of using Tae _ bo exercises of Karate young female players on the levels of some specific physical Variable such as (distinct speed power, agility, speed power, agility, speed bearing and flexibility), The concentration of Inter -leukin -6 and Creatine – Phosphokinase in blood, skill performance Kata (Heian Sandan, Heian Yondan and Heian Godan</em><em>). </em>
<em>The researcher uses the experimental methodology because it is appropriate to the type and goals of the study. She uses the experimental methodology because it is appropriate to the type and goals of the study. She uses the experimental design of pre and post measurements for Two groups: experimental and control</em><em>.</em>
<em>The research community is intentionally chosen of Karate young female players at Sharqia Sport Stadium in Zaqaziq, Sharqia Governorate. Their ages range between 13-14 years old. They have the green belt as minimum and the brown one as maximum</em><em>. </em>
<em>They are enrolled in Sharqia Karate District for the sport season 2013-2014. They are 26 young female players</em><em>. </em>
<em>The researcher uses the following Taols and means</em><em>: </em>
<em>The suggested Tae_bo exercises, timer1/100 second, Central exit set to separate serum. Its speed is 3000 cycle/ minute, special chemical material to find out inter- leukin -6 and Creatine phosphokinase in blood, Kata skill performance level measurement (under study), physical tests to measure the level of some specific physical variables such as (distinct speed power, agility, speed bearing, flexibility</em><em>).</em>
<em>The researcher main conclusions are</em><em>: </em>
<em>The suggested Tae_bo exercises have a positive effect on improving some specific physical variables (under study). research conclusions prove that experimental group has higher improvement percentages than the control one. They also lead to the increase of inter-leukin -6 concentration and the decrease of creatine phosphokinase enzyme in blood of the Karate young female players. furthermore, the use of Tae_bo exercises positively improve physical and physiological variables. They also have positively affected the rising improvement in Kata skill performance level (under study) of the experimental group compared with the control one. </em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601Effects of Training with Multi-Balls on Some Visual Abilities and Counter-Attack Skills for Junior Table Tennis Players1701808450310.21608/jass.2015.84503ENSherif Fathy SalehFaculty of Physical Education, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The current research aims at designing a recommended training program using multi-ball method and identifying its effects on some visual abilities and counter-attack skills of junior table tennis players. The researcher used the experimental approach (one-group design) with pre- and post-measurements. Participants (n=15) were purposefully chosen from junior table tennis players less than 15 years of Gharbia Zone who are registered at the Egyptian Table Tennis Federation. Those players participated in Zones Champions Championship in Egypt. In the light of this research’s aims, approach, sample, procedures and results, the researcher can conclude the following</em><em>: </em>
<em>The recommended training program had significant effects on training junior table tennis players less than (15) year.، Multi-ball training had positive effects on some visual abilities and counter-attack skills of junior table tennis players less than (15) years ، Counter-attack tests had positive effects on increasing the improvement percentage after applying the recommended program، Here is a significant increase in players’ abilities to use visual abilities and counter-attack skills (simple/ complex).</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601Total Quality Standards to Activate Sports Training Process in Sports Competitions1811908450410.21608/jass.2015.84504ENHassan Ahmed ElshafeiFaculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptSamah Ahmed Salah El-DinFaculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptDonia Mohamed Abdel-AzizFaculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20150401<em>The quality of Physical Education and Sports is considered a process to achieve the needs and desires of the beneficiary or customer expectations in sports institutions in various sports activities. In fact, achieving the required level and quality performance in sports institutions depends on vocational and scientific preparation at different sports institutions and activities. Thus, it was important to take into account this modern management style and try to take advantage of the training process for each of the coach, player and administrator. In order to achieve effective administrative work in Egyptian sports federations we must rely on the criterion of intonation in administrative practices. Quality is no longer just , standards, targets or set of requirements which sports federations seek to achieve, but it became a continuous effort built on the methodology of appropriate continuous improvement , innovation and development to achieve the objectives of the sports federations as winning in Olympic tournaments. The present research aims at determining the Total Quality Standards needed to activate the sports training process in sports competitions through: the senior management focus on beneficiaries to achieve their needs and desires, quality level of sports training programs, coaches absorbance of the scientific principles and foundations of athletic training, availability and use of physical, human and information technology resources in sports training programs, financing plans of athletic training programs for marketing tournaments and competitions and using beneficiaries’ incentives principle (physical and moral). The research team followed the descriptive approach as it suits the research nature. Research sample consisted of (110) board members, technical staff, administration staff, and players, some of which were individuals or team sports federations. The questionnaire form has been used as a tool for data collection. Study results proved the need for the application of Total Quality Standards to activate the process of training in sports competitions</em><em>.</em>Alexandria University, Faculty of Sport Education in Abu QirJournal of Applied Sports Science2357-00245220150601Criteria for Evaluating the Administrative and Technical Performance "Sport Training and Biomechanics" for Some High Level Sport Activities1912138450510.21608/jass.2015.84505ENKhairiya Ibrahim El-SokkaryFaculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptHassan Ahmed ElshafeiFaculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptMohamed Gaber BerekaFaculty of Physical Education, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptAmira Ahmed MohamedFaculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptNadia Lotfy Abdel FattahFaculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20150401uman resources are now one of the major issues which increasingly attract the attention of writers and researchers on economy. This comes in the framework of efforts made to find the ideal combination of factors of production capable of achieving the highest return for the organization whether in the micro or macro economy. This is only possible with an effective system or managing these resources inside the organizations that can utilize all the workers capabilities, skills and interests and expand the extent of individual contributions to the production process and create factors which together contribute to preparing a system to control the performance of the work. Consequently the role played by human resources is not limited planning, attracting and motivating labor force, but goes far beyond to seek the successful means and programs that can retain and evaluate such resources.